Coral Reef Diagnostics

Saudi Arabia - Jeddah / KAUST (Thuwal) / Rabigh

NOAA Coral Reef Watch

Regional summary of 15 dive sites (14 with their own page). Figures are averages across the sites that report them (n = sites with a value); each site's own page has its individual values. Part of the Saudi Arabia overview.

⬇ Download this region as a report card
05
Coral Reef Diagnostics
Photo: Anderson Mayfield/Coral Reef Diagnostics — Saudi Red Sea - Coral Gardens (Jeddah)
Sites
15
each linked below
Hard coral cover (regional mean)
18% ± 4.6% (std. dev.)
n = 14 of 15 sites. range 13–28%
Water temp. during surveys (regional mean)
31.0°C
n = 14 of 15 sites; surveyed Sep 2023–Nov 2024; 4 sites logged as a range, counted at their midpoint
Coral Health Index (regional mean)
2.00 / 5
n = 1 of 15 sites; scale of zero to five, higher is healthier
Coral bleached (regional mean)
35%
Most recent water temperature record
26 Oct 2026 · Al Madinah and Makkah
Most recent heat stress record
26 Oct 2026 · Alert Level 2
Mean annual max degree heating weeks (DHW), last 5 years
2021–2025 · Al Madinah and Makkah
Highest annual heat stress
in 2024 · Al Madinah and Makkah
Severe heat-stress years
1985–2025 · 6 in the last 10 years
Heat-stress figures: NOAA Coral Reef Watch — Al Madinah and Makkah 5-km virtual station. Each pill links its source record and carries the values behind it.
Regional summary

Central Red Sea reefs off Thuwal, Jeddah, and Rabigh, from fringing slopes, and walls to pinnacles, caverns, and two wrecks, were dived through the 2023-24 marine heatwaves. Bleaching varied sharply between nearby sites, from 17.2% of coral tissue off Jeddah to 71.7% at Shark Reef.

Heat stress

04812162024Week of 2023-01-01: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.80°CWeek of 2023-06-04: DHW 0.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.56°CWeek of 2023-06-11: DHW 0.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.16°CWeek of 2023-06-18: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.32°CWeek of 2023-06-25: DHW 1.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.37°CWeek of 2023-07-02: DHW 1.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.31°CWeek of 2023-07-09: DHW 1.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.97°CWeek of 2023-07-16: DHW 1.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.67°CWeek of 2023-07-23: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.97°CWeek of 2023-07-30: DHW 4.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 32.41°CWeek of 2023-08-06: DHW 5.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 32.08°CWeek of 2023-08-13: DHW 7.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 32.16°CWeek of 2023-08-20: DHW 9.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.83°CWeek of 2023-08-27: DHW 11.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.73°CWeek of 2023-09-03: DHW 13.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.96°CWeek of 2023-09-10: DHW 14.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.84°CWeek of 2023-09-17: DHW 16.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 33.13°CWeek of 2023-09-24: DHW 18.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 33.33°CWeek of 2023-10-01: DHW 20.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 33.52°CWeek of 2023-10-08: DHW 22.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 33.27°CWeek of 2023-10-15: DHW 22.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.96°CWeek of 2023-10-22: DHW 22.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.75°CWeek of 2023-10-29: DHW 21.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.90°CWeek of 2023-11-05: DHW 20.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.44°CWeek of 2023-11-12: DHW 18.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.79°CWeek of 2023-11-19: DHW 15.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.25°CWeek of 2023-11-26: DHW 13.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.98°CWeek of 2023-12-03: DHW 11.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.77°CWeek of 2023-12-10: DHW 9.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.31°CWeek of 2023-12-17: DHW 8.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.01°CWeek of 2023-12-24: DHW 6.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.65°CWeek of 2023-12-31: DHW 4.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.65°CWeek of 2024-01-07: DHW 2.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.29°CWeek of 2024-01-14: DHW 1.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.08°CWeek of 2024-06-02: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.54°CWeek of 2024-06-09: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.52°CWeek of 2024-06-16: DHW 3.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 33.47°CWeek of 2024-06-23: DHW 4.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 32.35°CWeek of 2024-06-30: DHW 5.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 32.02°CWeek of 2024-07-07: DHW 6.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 31.91°CWeek of 2024-07-14: DHW 8.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 31.94°CWeek of 2024-07-21: DHW 9.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.29°CWeek of 2024-07-28: DHW 11.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.93°CWeek of 2024-08-04: DHW 14.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 33.02°CWeek of 2024-08-11: DHW 17.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 33.30°CWeek of 2024-08-18: DHW 19.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.80°CWeek of 2024-08-25: DHW 20.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.45°CWeek of 2024-09-01: DHW 22.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.63°CWeek of 2024-09-08: DHW 22.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.32°CWeek of 2024-09-15: DHW 21.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.47°CWeek of 2024-09-22: DHW 21.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.73°CWeek of 2024-09-29: DHW 21.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.80°CWeek of 2024-10-06: DHW 22.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.98°CWeek of 2024-10-13: DHW 22.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.87°CWeek of 2024-10-20: DHW 21.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.83°CWeek of 2024-10-27: DHW 20.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.44°CWeek of 2024-11-03: DHW 18.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.96°CWeek of 2024-11-10: DHW 15.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.85°CWeek of 2024-11-17: DHW 13.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.56°CWeek of 2024-11-24: DHW 11.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.27°CWeek of 2024-12-01: DHW 9.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.95°CWeek of 2024-12-08: DHW 7.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.77°CWeek of 2024-12-15: DHW 6.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.23°CWeek of 2024-12-22: DHW 5.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.02°CWeek of 2024-12-29: DHW 4.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.74°CWeek of 2025-01-05: DHW 2.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.25°CWeek of 2025-01-12: DHW 1.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.01°CWeek of 2025-01-19: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.90°CWeek of 2025-07-06: DHW 0.2°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.54°CWeek of 2025-07-13: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.85°CWeek of 2025-07-20: DHW 1.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.39°CWeek of 2025-07-27: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.60°CWeek of 2025-08-03: DHW 2.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.69°CWeek of 2025-08-10: DHW 3.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.82°CWeek of 2025-08-17: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 32.33°CWeek of 2025-08-24: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 32.37°CWeek of 2025-08-31: DHW 8.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.83°CWeek of 2025-09-07: DHW 8.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.04°CWeek of 2025-09-14: DHW 9.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.41°CWeek of 2025-09-21: DHW 10.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.63°CWeek of 2025-09-28: DHW 10.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.39°CWeek of 2025-10-05: DHW 9.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 32.26°CWeek of 2025-10-12: DHW 9.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.97°CWeek of 2025-10-19: DHW 9.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 31.61°CWeek of 2025-10-26: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 31.45°CWeek of 2025-11-02: DHW 7.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 31.20°CWeek of 2025-11-09: DHW 6.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.99°CWeek of 2025-11-16: DHW 4.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.67°CWeek of 2025-11-23: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.30°CWeek of 2025-11-30: DHW 1.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.16°CWeek of 2025-12-07: DHW 1.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.72°CWeek of 2025-12-14: DHW 1.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.29°CWeek of 2025-12-21: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.70°CWeek of 2025-12-28: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.64°CWeek of 2026-06-07: DHW 0.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.46°CWeek of 2026-06-14: DHW 1.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.55°CWeek of 2026-06-21: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.57°CWeek of 2026-06-28: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.96°CWeek of 2026-07-05: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.23°CWeek of 2026-07-12: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.16°CWeek of 2026-07-19: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.49°CWeek of 2026-07-26: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.31°CWeek of 2026-08-02: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.30°CWeek of 2026-08-09: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.23°CWeek of 2026-08-16: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 31.83°CWeek of 2026-08-23: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.18°CWeek of 2026-08-30: DHW 3.2°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.72°CWeek of 2026-09-06: DHW 3.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 32.75°CWeek of 2026-09-13: DHW 4.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 33.31°CWeek of 2026-09-20: DHW 6.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 33.34°CWeek of 2026-09-27: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 33.26°C2628303234Bleaching threshold 31.9°C2023202420252026SST (°C)DHW (°C-weeks)
sea surface temperature (SST) (left axis)DHW under 2DHW 2–3DHW 3–5DHW 5–8DHW 8–10DHW over 10 (🔥 above 12)
Daily SST (line) and weekly maximum Degree Heating Weeks (bars), Jan 2023–Oct 2026, NOAA Coral Reef Watch 5-km Al Madinah and Makkah virtual station. Dashed line: bleaching threshold (maximum monthly mean 30.9°C + 1°C). DHW ≥ 4: bleaching likely; ≥ 8: severe bleaching and mortality likely. A bar is drawn only where DHW exceeds zero, so a stretch with no bar is accumulated heat stress of zero, not missing data — the SST line runs the full period.

Long-term record: 10 years from 1985 through 2025 reached 8 or more °C-weeks at NOAA’s Al Madinah and Makkah station. Download the annual DHW data (CSV).

15 sites in this region — click a marker to open that site.

Read this summary in:

Regional setting

Along Saudi Arabia's central Red Sea coast, the shore shelves steeply in the north before a fairly rapid shift, south of about 20°N, to a broad and gently sloping continental shelf, and fringing reefs with narrow reef flats line much of the coast (Spalding et al. 2001). Offshore, a discontinuous barrier-type structure known as the Little Barrier Reef runs between Al Wadj and Jeddah, and similar barrier-like reefs have been described on the Sudanese side opposite. Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast supports the full range of Red Sea species, and surveys in 1997–1999 recorded about 260 hard coral species. Jeddah is the largest port on the Red Sea, and by 2001 decades of expansion, including reclamation and construction directly on the fringing reef flats and industrial and urban growth along more than 100 km of coast, had severely degraded or destroyed many nearshore reefs, seagrasses, and mangroves. The atlas also notes that important fringing and patch reefs survived to the north and south of the city. In August and September 1998, reefs at some sites from Yanbu to Rabigh bleached heavily. Spalding et al. (2001) estimate about 6,660 km² of coral reef for Saudi Arabia, a national figure that includes its Arabian Gulf coast; Souter et al. (2021) give 7,800 km² for the northern and central Red Sea subregion.

Souter et al. (2021) report that the 1998 bleaching hit hardest in the central-northern Saudi Red Sea, especially near Rabigh, although most bleached reefs across the region recovered. In the central Red Sea they attribute local reef degradation and algal growth mainly to land runoff, eutrophication, and overfishing. Coral cover in the northern and central Red Sea fell from 35% (1997) to 30% (2002) and then rose slowly to 39% by 2019, while algal cover across the whole region roughly doubled after 2012. Coastal development adds further pressure: Wilkinson (2006) reported large plans to reclaim Saudi Red Sea reef areas, and Souter et al. (2021) note that the kingdom's Vision 2030 plan treats coastal tourism as a leading route to economic diversification. As of 2001, Spalding et al. observed that recreational diving, though limited, was centered on Jeddah's reefs.

Overview

This unit covers 15 central Red Sea sites dived between September 2023 and November 2024. Eight lie off Thuwal and were worked with Coastline (KAUST), six are off Jeddah, and one is a shore-entry reef north of Rabigh. The settings are varied: a steep fringing slope at Abu Ejeiah, a high-relief spur-and-groove reef honeycombed with swim-throughs at Cement Reef, a near-vertical wall at Rose Reef dived to 32 to 36 m, and eroded, heavily bioeroded pinnacles and caverns rising from sand at Cave Reef (27.2 m). Tall coral pinnacles make up Anderson's Reef-I, giant Porites mounds several meters across define Coral Gardens, and Drogon Corals is mostly a sand plain with isolated bommies. Two steel shipwrecks, Cement Wreck and Chicken Wreck, carry only thin coral scatters. Middle Reef off Thuwal was dived once in April 2024, but no photographs survive from that dive and it has no cover value.

Published point-count cover ranged from 13% at Cement Wreck to 28% at Coral Gardens across the 14 sites with published cover. Algal cover stayed low throughout, from 5.5% at Coral Gardens to 12% at Long Reef. Pocilloporids in lavender, magenta, and rose color forms, corymbose, staghorn, and table Acropora, knobby Porites, faviids, and Millepora-type fire coral make up most of the community. Anderson's Reef-II is set apart by a bommie the size of a small building, its crown covered in lilac and gold arborescent soft corals. At Cave Reef, Drogon Corals, and Chicken Wreck, bare pavement, sand, or steel alternates with dense coral clusters.

These reefs were recorded through the 2023-24 Red Sea marine heatwaves, and bleaching varied sharply between nearby sites. At Shark Reef 71.7% of coral tissue bleached, with whole slopes white, and three crown-of-thorns starfish (one on 31 August and two on 14 September 2024) were photographed there. North Rabigh (64.8%) and Bhadur Reef (62.0%, at about 22.3 degree-heating-weeks) followed, and at Bhadur soft corals, fungiids, and anemones bleached along with the hard corals. In the same August 2024 window, Anderson's Reef-I and Reef-II bleached 17% and 19%, while Coral Gardens rose from 41% to 45% in a week. Rose Reef ranged from 23% to 62% over six visits, and Cave Reef showed 26.8% bleaching in February 2024 with no accumulated heat stress.

Highlights

Notable observations (13)

Coral cover over time (pooled)

One point per year: the mean of every hard coral cover value available for this region that year — Anderson’s own dives and every independent survey station within 5 km of them. The vertical bar is the full range behind that mean. Different programs use different methods at different stations, so this is a regional summary, not a single comparable series. Years resting on fewer than three values are drawn as smaller points (2010, 2025). Non-CRD points are from Reef Check Foundation, Aeby et al. (2021), Khalil et al. (2017), Furby et al. (2013), and Monroe et al. (2018). Marker shape: Anderson’s own dives, other organizations’ surveys, a mix of both, that year.
0%17%34%51%68%2010201720252010: mean 27% of 2 values (range 23–31%)2013: mean 26% of 3 values (range 21–31%)2015: mean 41% of 4 values (range 28–60%)2023: mean 16% of 4 values (range 12–23%)2024: mean 18% of 14 values (range 12–28%)2025: mean 11% of 1 value
Sites in this region (15)

% coral cover by method

Pooled across 14 dive sites

MethodMean % coral coverStd. dev. between dive sitesn dive sitesNote
Published point count (CoralNet-assisted)18%±4.614—
CoralSCOP (SAM-based mask-sum), edited photos25%±3.214—
Claude (Anthropic), blind point count17%±5.114—
In-house DINOv3 point classifier38%±1351 of these 5 values rests on 10–19 photographs (*)

The mean is an UNWEIGHTED mean of the dive site values — each dive site counts once, whatever its photo count — which is the convention of the published tables and of every other figure on this page. Each value is the one printed on that dive site's own page; a page that prints no value for a method (fewer than 10 photographs) is left out of that method's mean.

This table pools only the 14 dive sites in this unit that have a method comparison; the table for all 22 dive sites is on the Saudi Arabia page.

Closest to the reference

Over the dive sites where an independent reference exists, Claude (Anthropic), blind point count sits closest to it — a mean absolute deviation of 2.8 pp across 5 dive sites, then In-house DINOv3 point classifier 16.8 pp (n=5). Not in this ranking: CoralSCOP (edited), which measures coral area rather than points. A mean absolute deviation is not an accuracy score: a model with a consistent offset is correctable, while one with the same deviation scattered in both directions is not.

By dive site

Dive sitePublished point countCoralSCOP (edited)ClaudeDINOv3
Abu Ejeiah (Thuwal)15%
n=417
24%
n=367
17%
n=366
too few photos
n=4
Cement Reef (Thuwal)22%
n=469
29%
n=471
24%
n=478
26%
n=95
Cement Wreck (Thuwal)13%
n=383
21%
n=391
12%
n=387
34%*
n=11
Rose Reef (Thuwal)14%
n=720
24%
n=455
13%
n=438
too few photos
n=3
Long Reef (Thuwal)14%
n=90
24%
n=91
12%
n=88
—
Cave Reef (Thuwal)16%
n=68
22%
n=70
16%
n=65
too few photos
n=2
Shark Reef (Thuwal)16%
n=421
22%
n=330
14%
n=351
—
Drogon Corals (Jeddah)14%
n=67
22%
n=66
10%
n=65
too few photos
n=1
Chicken Wreck (Jeddah)17%
n=251
24%
n=153
10%
n=171
27%
n=126
Anderson's Reef-I (Jeddah)23%
n=146
29%
n=147
20%
n=146
too few photos
n=1
Coral Gardens (Jeddah)28%
n=300
29%
n=254
25%
n=271
44%
n=156
Bhadur Reef (Jeddah)21%
n=222
27%
n=167
18%
n=174
—
Anderson's Reef-II (Jeddah)21%
n=174
25%
n=174
19%
n=175
too few photos
n=3
north Rabigh (shore) (Rabigh)24%
n=173
30%
n=122
23%
n=158
57%
n=175
Thuwal: published area value (Mayfield 2025, Table 4)16%
n=2,567
———
Jeddah: published area value (Mayfield 2025, Table 4)22%
n=1,160
———
Rabigh: published area value (Mayfield 2025, Table 4)24%
n=173
———

n under each value is the number of photographs that method scored at that dive site. ⚠ marks a cell that is not an independent check. * marks a value resting on only 10–19 photographs, which is less certain.

Reference: each dive site's own published CoralNet point count by the author, as its page prints it (CoralNet-assisted, on that site's photographs; Mayfield 2025, Environments 12:248). Denominator: coral points / (30 − water − fish points); unknown points stay in the denominator (Mayfield 2025 convention); diver points are excluded as well, per the Red Sea paper. Source: each member dive-site page. For all 22 dive sites in the comparison: Each row is a member dive site, and every value is the one printed on that dive site's own page; the computer-vision values ran on that site's own photographs. No value here comes from computer vision run on an area's representative photographs. Rows labeled “published area value” are the published area values (Mayfield 2025, Environments 12:248, Table 4); each summarizes the same dives as the dive-site rows beside it, so none is in any mean on this page.

Nearby external survey stations

20 independent survey records within 5 km of a site in this region (each record counted once; 11 lines, and a line that pools several records says how many).

All images from Coral Reef Diagnostics. Data are from Coral Reef Diagnostics, Reef Check Foundation, Aeby et al. (2021), Khalil et al. (2017), Furby et al. (2013), and Monroe et al. (2018).

© Coral Reef Diagnostics.

References