Coral Reef Diagnostics

Indonesia - Raja Ampat

NOAA Coral Reef Watch

Regional summary of 24 dive sites. Figures are averages across the sites that report them (n = sites with a value); each site's own page has its individual values.

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05
Coral Reef Diagnostics
Photo: Anderson Mayfield/Coral Reef Diagnostics — Raja Ampat - Melissa's Garden (Fam/Penemu)
Country
Sites
24
each linked below
Hard coral cover (regional mean)
26% ± 11% (std. dev.)
n = 12 of 24 sites. range 7.2–44%
Water temp. during surveys (regional mean)
27.3°C
n = 15 of 24 sites; surveyed Oct 2018
Coral Health Index (regional mean)
4.71 / 5
n = 6 of 24 sites; 2.5 = average (above average)
Most recent water temperature record
16 Sep 2026 · West Papua
Most recent heat stress record
16 Sep 2026 · below alert level
Mean annual max degree heating weeks (DHW), last 5 years
2021–2025 · regional mean of 24 sites, 2 stations
Highest annual heat stress
in 2024 · West Papua
Severe heat-stress years
1985–2025 · 9 in the last 10 years
Heat-stress figures: NOAA Coral Reef Watch — West Papua and Maluku 5-km virtual stations. Each pill links its source record and carries the values behind it.
Regional summary

Raja Ampat's pinnacles, seamounts, and limestone walls, dived in October 2018, are rich in soft corals, sea fans, and black coral, with hard coral concentrated on reef tops and in the shallows. Fish life was very high, including gray reef sharks, wobbegongs, and pygmy seahorses.

Heat stress

0481216Week of 2023-01-01: DHW 7.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.93°CWeek of 2023-01-08: DHW 7.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.76°CWeek of 2023-01-15: DHW 6.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.95°CWeek of 2023-01-22: DHW 5.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.70°CWeek of 2023-01-29: DHW 4.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.75°CWeek of 2023-02-05: DHW 3.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.50°CWeek of 2023-02-12: DHW 2.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.50°CWeek of 2023-02-19: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.58°CWeek of 2023-02-26: DHW 1.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.59°CWeek of 2023-03-05: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.71°CWeek of 2023-03-12: DHW 0.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.86°CWeek of 2023-03-19: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.16°CWeek of 2023-03-26: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.02°CWeek of 2023-04-02: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.15°CWeek of 2023-04-09: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.09°CWeek of 2023-04-16: DHW 0.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.16°CWeek of 2023-04-23: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.28°CWeek of 2023-04-30: DHW 2.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.47°CWeek of 2023-05-07: DHW 3.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.52°CWeek of 2023-05-14: DHW 4.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.56°CWeek of 2023-05-21: DHW 4.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.26°CWeek of 2023-05-28: DHW 5.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.50°CWeek of 2023-06-04: DHW 6.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.45°CWeek of 2023-06-11: DHW 5.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.20°CWeek of 2023-06-18: DHW 5.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.96°CWeek of 2023-06-25: DHW 5.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.15°CWeek of 2023-07-02: DHW 5.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.11°CWeek of 2023-07-09: DHW 5.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.01°CWeek of 2023-07-16: DHW 5.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.10°CWeek of 2023-07-23: DHW 4.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.17°CWeek of 2023-07-30: DHW 3.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.27°CWeek of 2023-08-06: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.19°CWeek of 2023-08-13: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.06°CWeek of 2023-08-20: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.95°CWeek of 2023-08-27: DHW 0.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.02°CWeek of 2023-10-08: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.43°CWeek of 2023-10-15: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.35°CWeek of 2023-10-22: DHW 0.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.45°CWeek of 2023-10-29: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.59°CWeek of 2023-11-05: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.59°CWeek of 2023-11-12: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.34°CWeek of 2023-11-19: DHW 3.2°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.38°CWeek of 2023-11-26: DHW 3.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.28°CWeek of 2023-12-03: DHW 4.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.24°CWeek of 2023-12-10: DHW 4.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.21°CWeek of 2023-12-17: DHW 4.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.38°CWeek of 2023-12-24: DHW 5.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.25°CWeek of 2023-12-31: DHW 5.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.42°CWeek of 2024-01-07: DHW 6.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.15°CWeek of 2024-01-14: DHW 6.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.03°CWeek of 2024-01-21: DHW 6.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.68°CWeek of 2024-01-28: DHW 5.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.88°CWeek of 2024-02-04: DHW 4.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.64°CWeek of 2024-02-11: DHW 4.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.68°CWeek of 2024-02-18: DHW 3.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.93°CWeek of 2024-02-25: DHW 2.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.17°CWeek of 2024-03-03: DHW 3.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.27°CWeek of 2024-03-10: DHW 3.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.00°CWeek of 2024-03-17: DHW 3.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.09°CWeek of 2024-03-24: DHW 2.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.13°CWeek of 2024-03-31: DHW 2.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.14°CWeek of 2024-04-07: DHW 2.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.10°CWeek of 2024-04-14: DHW 3.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.25°CWeek of 2024-04-21: DHW 4.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.66°CWeek of 2024-04-28: DHW 5.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.68°CWeek of 2024-05-05: DHW 6.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.50°CWeek of 2024-05-12: DHW 7.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.43°CWeek of 2024-05-19: DHW 7.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.36°CWeek of 2024-05-26: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.43°CWeek of 2024-06-02: DHW 8.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.39°CWeek of 2024-06-09: DHW 9.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.32°CWeek of 2024-06-16: DHW 9.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.30°CWeek of 2024-06-23: DHW 8.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.10°CWeek of 2024-06-30: DHW 7.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.92°CWeek of 2024-07-07: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.98°CWeek of 2024-07-14: DHW 7.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.93°CWeek of 2024-07-21: DHW 5.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.72°CWeek of 2024-07-28: DHW 4.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.00°CWeek of 2024-08-04: DHW 4.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.02°CWeek of 2024-08-11: DHW 3.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.13°CWeek of 2024-08-18: DHW 2.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.15°CWeek of 2024-08-25: DHW 1.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.07°CWeek of 2024-09-01: DHW 0.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.15°CWeek of 2024-09-08: DHW 0.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.47°CWeek of 2024-09-15: DHW 1.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.71°CWeek of 2024-09-22: DHW 2.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.63°CWeek of 2024-09-29: DHW 3.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.60°CWeek of 2024-10-06: DHW 4.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.46°CWeek of 2024-10-13: DHW 5.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.48°CWeek of 2024-10-20: DHW 6.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.36°CWeek of 2024-10-27: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.56°CWeek of 2024-11-03: DHW 8.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.54°CWeek of 2024-11-10: DHW 10.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.78°CWeek of 2024-11-17: DHW 11.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.65°CWeek of 2024-11-24: DHW 12.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.57°CWeek of 2024-12-01: DHW 13.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.56°CWeek of 2024-12-08: DHW 14.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.58°CWeek of 2024-12-15: DHW 13.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.43°CWeek of 2024-12-22: DHW 13.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.19°CWeek of 2024-12-29: DHW 12.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.02°CWeek of 2025-01-06: DHW 12.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.25°CWeek of 2025-01-12: DHW 12.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.46°CWeek of 2025-01-19: DHW 12.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.45°CWeek of 2025-01-26: DHW 12.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.22°CWeek of 2025-02-02: DHW 11.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.04°CWeek of 2025-02-09: DHW 10.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.02°CWeek of 2025-02-16: DHW 8.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.01°CWeek of 2025-02-23: DHW 7.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.95°CWeek of 2025-03-02: DHW 6.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.18°CWeek of 2025-03-09: DHW 4.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.37°CWeek of 2025-03-16: DHW 5.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.26°CWeek of 2025-03-23: DHW 5.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.25°CWeek of 2025-03-30: DHW 6.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.21°CWeek of 2025-04-06: DHW 5.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.13°CWeek of 2025-04-13: DHW 5.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.37°CWeek of 2025-04-20: DHW 5.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.38°CWeek of 2025-04-27: DHW 6.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.38°CWeek of 2025-05-04: DHW 7.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.26°CWeek of 2025-05-11: DHW 8.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.59°CWeek of 2025-05-18: DHW 9.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.43°CWeek of 2025-05-25: DHW 10.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.35°CWeek of 2025-06-01: DHW 10.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.35°CWeek of 2025-06-08: DHW 10.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.65°CWeek of 2025-06-15: DHW 10.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.39°CWeek of 2025-06-22: DHW 10.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.04°CWeek of 2025-06-29: DHW 9.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.04°CWeek of 2025-07-06: DHW 9.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 30.06°CWeek of 2025-07-13: DHW 7.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.87°CWeek of 2025-07-20: DHW 7.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.29°CWeek of 2025-07-27: DHW 6.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.27°CWeek of 2025-08-03: DHW 5.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.22°CWeek of 2025-08-10: DHW 4.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.93°CWeek of 2025-08-17: DHW 3.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.91°CWeek of 2025-08-24: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.82°CWeek of 2025-08-31: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.89°CWeek of 2025-09-07: DHW 0.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.99°CWeek of 2025-09-14: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.01°CWeek of 2025-09-21: DHW 0.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.39°CWeek of 2025-09-28: DHW 0.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.37°CWeek of 2025-10-24: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.36°CWeek of 2025-10-26: DHW 1.2°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.10°CWeek of 2025-11-02: DHW 2.2°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.40°CWeek of 2025-11-09: DHW 3.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.61°CWeek of 2025-11-16: DHW 4.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.44°CWeek of 2025-11-23: DHW 5.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.41°CWeek of 2025-11-30: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.19°CWeek of 2025-12-07: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.06°CWeek of 2025-12-14: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.23°CWeek of 2025-12-21: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.01°CWeek of 2025-12-28: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.93°CWeek of 2026-01-04: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.77°CWeek of 2026-01-11: DHW 5.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.81°CWeek of 2026-01-18: DHW 5.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.85°CWeek of 2026-01-25: DHW 4.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 30.23°CWeek of 2026-02-01: DHW 3.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.19°CWeek of 2026-02-08: DHW 2.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.05°CWeek of 2026-02-15: DHW 1.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.01°CWeek of 2026-02-22: DHW 0.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.88°CWeek of 2026-04-26: DHW 0.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.25°CWeek of 2026-05-03: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.49°CWeek of 2026-05-10: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.39°CWeek of 2026-05-17: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.33°CWeek of 2026-05-24: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.36°CWeek of 2026-05-31: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.37°CWeek of 2026-06-07: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.38°CWeek of 2026-06-14: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.38°CWeek of 2026-06-21: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.37°CWeek of 2026-06-28: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.34°CWeek of 2026-07-05: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.17°CWeek of 2026-07-12: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.23°CWeek of 2026-07-19: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.20°CWeek of 2026-07-26: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.13°CWeek of 2026-08-02: DHW 1.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.22°CWeek of 2026-08-09: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.39°CWeek of 2026-08-16: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.29°CWeek of 2026-08-23: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.11°CWeek of 2026-08-30: DHW 1.2°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.35°CWeek of 2026-09-06: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 30.32°CWeek of 2026-09-13: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.88°C2829303132Bleaching threshold 30.1°C2023202420252026SST (°C)DHW (°C-weeks)
sea surface temperature (SST) (left axis)DHW under 2DHW 2–3DHW 3–5DHW 5–8DHW 8–10DHW over 10 (🔥 above 12)
Daily SST (line) and weekly maximum Degree Heating Weeks (bars), Jan 2023–Sep 2026, NOAA Coral Reef Watch 5-km West Papua virtual station. Dashed line: bleaching threshold (maximum monthly mean 29.1°C + 1°C). DHW ≥ 4: bleaching likely; ≥ 8: severe bleaching and mortality likely. A bar is drawn only where DHW exceeds zero, so a stretch with no bar is accumulated heat stress of zero, not missing data — the SST line runs the full period.

Long-term record: 11 years since 1985 reached 8 or more °C-weeks at NOAA’s Maluku, West Papua stations. Download the annual DHW data (CSV): papua, banda-sea.

24 sites in this region — click a marker to open that site.

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Regional setting

Spalding et al. (2001) never name Raja Ampat. The nearest landmark in their Indonesia chapter is the Bird's Head (Doberai) Peninsula, which falls in the last of the sub-regions in their account, the Moluccas and Irian Jaya. They characterize that sub-region as bathymetrically complex, with clear oceanic water so deep that islands only tens of kilometers apart can lie on either side of channels more than 1,000 m deep. One of its only two true continental-shelf areas is a shallow platform west of the Bird's Head, yet the authors had little or no information on the reef communities around the peninsula, and they describe Indonesia as holding a huge range of reefs, many poorly known or not described at all. For the country as a whole, they estimate about 51,020 km² of coral reef, roughly 18% of the global total and more than any other nation, and list 443 recorded coral species against an estimate of 581-602 for its wider biogeographic region. Souter et al. (2021) include Indonesia in the East Asian Seas region, which overlaps the Coral Triangle and holds 78,272 km² of reef (just over 30% of the world's total) and nearly 600 reef-building coral species.

Wilkinson (2006), summarizing the 2004 Southeast Asia assessment, reported that reef condition across the region had kept declining, though Indonesia showed some signs of coral recovery; the main direct pressures were overfishing and destructive fishing, land-based pollution, and sediment from coastal development and deforestation. For the East Asian Seas as a whole, Souter et al. (2021) estimate that hard coral cover climbed from 32.9% in 1999 to 40.8% in 2009, fell to 35% by 2012 after the 2010 mass bleaching, dipped to 33.9% in 2017 after the 2016 event, and stood near 36.8% in 2019. They caution that even the earliest records probably describe reefs already altered by people, and that monitoring has favored accessible, well-known sites, while many reefs in the large archipelagic nations remain hard for researchers to reach.

Overview

This unit gathers 24 pins from a liveaboard trip dived between 16 and 23 October 2018. Most lie in two parts of Raja Ampat: the Dampier Strait and Fam/Penemu group in the north (Cape Kri, Blue Magic, Mioskon, My Reef, Melissa's Garden) and the Misool area in the south (Shadow Reef, Barracuda Rock, Four Kings, Nudi Rock, Little Juliet, Anchovy, Two Tree Island). It also carries three dives at Pulau Koon, which the pins place off eastern Seram in the Banda Sea, and Karang Paradise, whose region is not established. Settings range from pinnacles and seamounts (Blue Magic, Four Kings, My Reef) to sheer walls below undercut limestone islets (Nudi Rock, Two Tree Island), a very sheltered fringing reef at Barracuda Rock, and a sand muck site beside a Dampier Strait town pier. Logged maximum depths ran from 15.4 m at Nudi Rock to 35.3 m at Cape Kri.

Soft corals are prominent almost everywhere: Sinularia and Sarcophyton recur on most dives, soft-coral cover exceeded hard at Shadow Reef and Little Juliet, and deeper walls carry sea fans, black coral, and green Tubastraea. Hard coral concentrates on reef tops and shallows. Melissa's Garden logged Acropora tables 5 m across and branching acroporids at 100% cover through most of the shallows; Barracuda Rock logged at least 60-70 hard coral species. Seriatopora hystrix and S. caliendrum are common at many sites, and plating Pachyseris and Montipora dominate at depth. Hard coral cover (Claude CV) across 12 sites ran from 7.2% at Two Tree Island to 44.4% at Karang Paradise, with Melissa's Garden at 40.9%; Anderson's in-water impressions were sometimes higher, more than 40-50% in places at Nudi Rock.

Most dives logged no bleaching, but photographs from Mioskon and Blue Magic show a minority of chalk-white colonies beside pigmented neighbors, and a Pulau Koon close-up series shows stark-white Acropora branches; all are flagged rather than diagnosed. Some Seriatopora hystrix looked white or sickly at My Reef and The Lagoon. Fish biomass was very high, with giant trevally, tuna, barracuda, batfish, Napoleon wrasse, and gray reef sharks at several sites, three wobbegongs at My Reef, epaulette sharks on the Misool night dive, a hammerhead at Karang Paradise, and pygmy seahorses at Anchovy and Little Juliet. Strong current shaped the dives at My Reef and Two Tree Island.

Highlights

Notable observations (11)

Coral cover over time (pooled)

One point per year: the mean of every hard coral cover value available for this region that year — Anderson’s own dives and every independent survey station within 5 km of them. The vertical bar is the full range behind that mean. Different programs use different methods at different stations, so this is a regional summary, not a single comparable series. One value above 70% was excluded as best-patch figures rather than site means. Years resting on fewer than three values are drawn as smaller points (2016, 2019, 2020). Marker shape: his own dives, other organizations’ surveys, a mix of both, that year.
0%17%34%51%68%2016202020252016: mean 61% of 2 values (range 52–70%)2018: mean 30% of 19 values (range 7.2–53%)2019: mean 45% of 2 values (range 21–69%)2020: mean 42% of 1 value2025: mean 40% of 4 values (range 38–45%)
Sites in this region (24)

Nearby external survey stations

17 independent survey records within 5 km of a site in this region (deduplicated across sites).

Show all 17 records

All images from Coral Reef Diagnostics. Data are from Coral Reef Diagnostics and Reef Check Foundation.

© Coral Reef Diagnostics.

References