Coral Reef Diagnostics

Mauritius

NOAA Coral Reef Watch

Regional summary of 7 dive sites. Figures are averages across the sites that report them (n = sites with a value); each site's own page has its individual values.

⬇ Download this region as a report card
05
Photo: Anderson Mayfield/Coral Reef Diagnostics — Mauritius - Carpenter
Country
Mauritius
Sites
7
each linked below
Hard coral cover (regional mean)
13% ± 5.9% (std. dev.)
n=7. range 2.9–18%
Water temp. during surveys (regional mean)
28.0°C
n = 7 of 7 sites; surveyed Feb 2025
Coral Health Index (regional mean)
not yet scored
n = 0 of 7 sites
Most recent water temperature record
16 Sep 2026 · Southern Mauritius
Most recent heat stress record
16 Sep 2026 · below alert level
Mean annual max degree heating weeks (DHW), last 5 years
2021–2025 · Southern Mauritius
Highest annual heat stress
in 2016 · Southern Mauritius
Severe heat-stress years
1985–2025 · 5 in the last 10 years
Heat-stress figures: NOAA Coral Reef Watch — Southern Mauritius 5-km virtual station. Each pill links its source record and carries the values behind it.
Regional summary

Mauritius's northern patch reefs and boulder fields and its southwest volcanic boulders and walls, dived in February 2025, are built mainly of massive Porites, with live coral patchy on boulder tops. No widespread bleaching was seen, and one lagoon site is carpeted in anemones rather than coral.

Heat stress

048121620Week of 2023-12-17: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.33°CWeek of 2023-12-24: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.12°CWeek of 2023-12-31: DHW 3.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.58°CWeek of 2024-01-07: DHW 5.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.60°CWeek of 2024-01-14: DHW 7.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.27°CWeek of 2024-01-21: DHW 9.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.07°CWeek of 2024-01-28: DHW 10.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.95°CWeek of 2024-02-04: DHW 11.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.83°CWeek of 2024-02-11: DHW 13.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.18°CWeek of 2024-02-18: DHW 13.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.74°CWeek of 2024-02-25: DHW 13.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.93°CWeek of 2024-03-03: DHW 14.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.80°CWeek of 2024-03-10: DHW 14.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.86°CWeek of 2024-03-17: DHW 13.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.35°CWeek of 2024-03-24: DHW 12.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.73°CWeek of 2024-03-31: DHW 10.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.99°CWeek of 2024-04-07: DHW 8.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.76°CWeek of 2024-04-14: DHW 7.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 28.46°CWeek of 2024-04-21: DHW 6.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 28.26°CWeek of 2024-04-28: DHW 5.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 28.52°CWeek of 2024-05-05: DHW 3.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.13°CWeek of 2024-05-12: DHW 2.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.30°CWeek of 2024-05-19: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.67°CWeek of 2024-05-26: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.71°CWeek of 2024-06-02: DHW 1.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.44°CWeek of 2024-06-09: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.05°CWeek of 2024-06-16: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.89°CWeek of 2024-06-23: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.56°CWeek of 2024-06-30: DHW 1.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.23°CWeek of 2024-07-07: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.15°CWeek of 2025-01-26: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.76°CWeek of 2025-02-02: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.04°CWeek of 2025-02-09: DHW 4.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.50°CWeek of 2025-02-16: DHW 6.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.57°CWeek of 2025-02-23: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.24°CWeek of 2025-03-02: DHW 9.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.24°CWeek of 2025-03-09: DHW 10.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.09°CWeek of 2025-03-16: DHW 12.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.27°CWeek of 2025-03-23: DHW 14.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.16°CWeek of 2025-03-30: DHW 15.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.05°CWeek of 2025-04-06: DHW 16.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.85°CWeek of 2025-04-13: DHW 17.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.58°CWeek of 2025-04-20: DHW 17.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.66°CWeek of 2025-04-27: DHW 17.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.61°CWeek of 2025-05-04: DHW 15.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.50°CWeek of 2025-05-11: DHW 13.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.05°CWeek of 2025-05-18: DHW 12.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 27.92°CWeek of 2025-05-25: DHW 10.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 27.20°CWeek of 2025-06-01: DHW 9.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 26.81°CWeek of 2025-06-08: DHW 7.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 26.63°CWeek of 2025-06-15: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 26.04°CWeek of 2025-06-22: DHW 4.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 26.08°CWeek of 2025-06-29: DHW 2.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.38°CWeek of 2025-07-06: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.92°CWeek of 2025-07-13: DHW 1.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.92°CWeek of 2025-07-20: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.82°CWeek of 2025-07-27: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.53°CWeek of 2026-02-01: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.92°CWeek of 2026-02-08: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.48°CWeek of 2026-02-15: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.40°CWeek of 2026-02-22: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.65°CWeek of 2026-03-01: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.51°CWeek of 2026-03-08: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.20°CWeek of 2026-03-15: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.36°CWeek of 2026-03-22: DHW 1.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.48°CWeek of 2026-03-29: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.54°CWeek of 2026-04-05: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.89°CWeek of 2026-04-12: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.39°CWeek of 2026-04-19: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.07°CWeek of 2026-04-26: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.78°CWeek of 2026-05-03: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.53°CWeek of 2026-05-10: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.22°CWeek of 2026-05-17: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.77°CWeek of 2026-05-24: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.31°CWeek of 2026-05-31: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.15°CWeek of 2026-06-07: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.93°CWeek of 2026-06-14: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.02°CWeek of 2026-06-21: DHW 0.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.72°CWeek of 2026-06-28: DHW 0.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.41°C24262830Bleaching threshold 28.7°C2023202420252026SST (°C)DHW (°C-weeks)
sea surface temperature (SST) (left axis)DHW under 2DHW 2–3DHW 3–5DHW 5–8DHW 8–10DHW over 10 (🔥 above 12)
Daily SST (line) and weekly maximum Degree Heating Weeks (bars), Jan 2023–Sep 2026, NOAA Coral Reef Watch 5-km Southern Mauritius virtual station. Dashed line: bleaching threshold (maximum monthly mean 27.7°C + 1°C). DHW ≥ 4: bleaching likely; ≥ 8: severe bleaching and mortality likely. A bar is drawn only where DHW exceeds zero, so a stretch with no bar is accumulated heat stress of zero, not missing data — the SST line runs the full period.

Long-term record: 9 years since 1985 reached 8 or more °C-weeks at NOAA’s Southern Mauritius station. Download the annual DHW data (CSV).

7 sites in this region — click a marker to open that site.

Read this summary in:

Regional setting

Mauritius, Rodrigues, and Réunion, the three Mascarene Islands, sit toward the southern extremity of the submarine Mascarene Ridge. All three are geologically young volcanic islands, and Spalding et al. (2001) describe a clear sequence of reef development along the chain: reefs are least developed around Réunion, the youngest island, and become better developed and extend farther offshore toward the older islands to the east. Mauritius is almost completely encircled by fringing reefs, with substantial lagoon and barrier-reef development on its east and southwest coasts. Its lagoons are dominated by algae with some seagrass, its reef slopes show a clear spur-and-groove zone, and below about 20 m the coral usually forms only a thin veneer over volcanic rock. Spalding et al. (2001) put the country's reef area at about 870 km², a national figure that includes Rodrigues, the remote Cargados Carajos Bank, and Agalega, and list 161 recorded coral species. The same account notes that the 1998 bleaching event affected 30–40% of Mauritian corals but killed very few, a survival the authors relate to overcast, windy weather during Cyclone Anacelle, and that many reefs had already been degraded by sedimentation and agricultural runoff following forest clearance, domestic and industrial effluent, past blast fishing, anchor damage, crown-of-thorns outbreaks since the early 1980s, and tourism-driven coastal development. At a wider scale, the Western Indian Ocean holds about 15,180 km² of coral reef, almost 6% of the global total (Souter et al. 2021).

More recent assessments describe reefs under mounting pressure. Across the Western Indian Ocean, Souter et al. (2021) report that regional hard coral cover fell after the 1998 bleaching event, recovered from 2004 to a peak of about 32% in 2012, and dropped sharply again in 2013 and 2017, with the 1998 and 2016 bleaching events the clearest signals in the record; they place about 1,076 km² of reef in the Mascarene and Cargados Carajos subregion. Around Mauritius itself, Elliott et al. (2018) documented a decline in stony coral cover between 1998 and 2010 that steepened after about 2005, and McClanahan & Muthiga (2021) recorded a 40% loss of hard coral cover between 2004 and 2019, concentrated in the south and east, where acute thermal anomalies were most frequent. Sea-surface temperatures around the island have been rising by about 0.16°C per decade, above the regional bleaching threshold in most years since 2000 (Doorga et al. 2023 (publisher page: the PDF on file is only the first page)), and NOAA Coral Reef Watch recorded severe heat stress (8 or more degree heating weeks) in 2016, 2019–2020, and again in both 2024 and 2025. Local pressures add to this: the 2020 grounding of the bulk carrier Wakashio spilled oil along the southeast coast (Rajendran et al. 2022 (publisher page: the PDF on file is only the first page)), and island-wide surveys continue to report coral disease and compromised coral health (Jogee et al. 2025).

Overview

The Mauritius unit covers seven sites dived between 1 and 10 February 2025, at depths from 15.6 m (Ti Korail) to 35.3 m (Bamboo). Four northern sites (Reef Garden, Ti Korail, Carpenter, and Lost Anchor off Coin de Mire) are low-relief patch reefs and boulder fields cut by sand and rubble channels, although Carpenter also has steeper boulder faces. Aquarium / Big Rock, off Le Morne, is built on huge volcanic boulders and rock spurs. Bamboo, dived the same day, combines a sand-veneered rubble base with sections of near-vertical wall.

Massive Porites is the most consistent framework builder. It is joined by brain corals consistent with Platygyra and Dipsastraea/Favites, tabular and branching Acropora, and Pocillopora. At Carpenter some Porites domes stand about a diver's height off the bottom. Live coral is patchy and concentrated on boulder tops and flanks, with turf, crustose coralline algae, and encrusting sponges holding most of the remaining rock. Manually scored hard coral cover at the six reef sites ranged from 7.0% at Ti Korail to 26.3% at Reef Garden, with Lost Anchor at 10.9%, Aquarium / Big Rock and Carpenter at 14.4% and 14.5%, and Bamboo at 17.2%. Reef Garden adds slopes carpeted in soft corals, while Bamboo's open pavement carries dense clusters of Diadema-type urchins.

Anemone Garden is not typical reef. It is a lagoon patch whose bommies are carpeted almost wholesale by anemones consistent with Heteractis magnifica, with only 3.3% hard coral, and fleshy brown macroalgae over heavily silted rubble hold the flat around them. None of the reef sites showed widespread bleaching; a few pale colonies at Ti Korail could not be separated from natural coloration. Nearby 2019 surveys near Carpenter, Lost Anchor, and Aquarium / Big Rock differ from the 2025 values by only a few percentage points, which is too small to separate from differences in method. Sightings included a resting sea turtle and a day octopus at Aquarium / Big Rock, a leaf scorpionfish at Ti Korail, garden eels, and lionfish.

Highlights

Notable observations

Coral cover over time (pooled)

One point per year: the mean of every hard coral cover value available for this region that year — Anderson’s own dives and every independent survey station within 5 km of them. The vertical bar is the full range behind that mean. Different programs use different methods at different stations, so this is a regional summary, not a single comparable series. Four values above 70% were excluded as best-patch figures rather than site means. That exclusion removes the year 2016 from this curve altogether, because every value available for it was a best patch. Years resting on fewer than three values are drawn as smaller points (2000). Non-CRD points are from Reef Check Foundation. Marker shape: his own dives, other organizations’ surveys.
0%17%34%51%68%1999201220251999: mean 53% of 3 values (range 46–61%)2000: mean 30% of 2 values (range 30%)2018: mean 3.6% of 17 values (range 0.0–29%)2019: mean 17% of 5 values (range 10–30%)2025: mean 12% of 7 values (range 2.9–18%)

Sites in this region

% coral cover by method

Pooled across 7 dive sites

MethodMean % coral coverStd. dev. between dive sitesn dive sitesNote
Manual point count (author)13.2%±7.67frame-weighted 15.7% over 344 frames
CoralNet automated point classifier12.3%±7.17frame-weighted 15.2% over 344 frames
CoralSCOP (SAM-based mask-sum), unedited photos20.7%±5.47frame-weighted 20.9% over 344 frames
Claude (Anthropic), blind point count11.5%±7.67frame-weighted 14.4% over 344 frames
In-house DINOv3 point classifier25.2%±107frame-weighted 28.9% over 344 frames

The mean is an UNWEIGHTED mean of the dive site values — each dive site counts once, whatever its photo count — which is the convention of the published tables and of every other figure on this page. The frame-weighted alternative is given per method in the Note column; where the two differ, the difference is a photo-count imbalance, not a coral-cover finding.

By dive site

Dive siteManual point countCoralNetCoralSCOP (unedited)ClaudeDINOv3
Reef Garden26.3%
n=105
27.8%
n=105
22.2%
n=105
26.7%
n=105
44.6%
n=105
Bamboo17.2%
n=40
11.8%
n=40
16.9%
n=40
13.8%
n=40
19.9%
n=40
Carpenter14.6%
n=40
10.9%
n=40
21.0%
n=40
12.3%
n=40
21.2%
n=40
Aquarium-Big Rock14.0%
n=40
7.0%
n=40
13.0%
n=40
8.3%
n=40
15.3%
n=40
Lost Anchor10.5%
n=39
10.0%
n=39
20.5%
n=39
9.2%
n=39
20.3%
n=39
Ti Korail7.0%
n=40
10.6%
n=40
20.5%
n=40
7.4%
n=40
21.9%
n=40
Anemone Garden2.7%
n=40
7.7%
n=40
30.5%
n=40
2.9%
n=40
33.3%
n=40

n under each value is the number of photographs that method scored at that dive site. ⚠ marks a cell that is not an independent check.

Reference: point-count on the photographs (a human scoring the same pixels the models see). Denominator: coral points / all 30 points, water and fish left IN the denominator (the basis the canonical sheet uses). Source: draft manuscript value, not yet published ⚠ This region's values are on the ALL-30 denominator (water and fish left in), not the settled Mayfield-2025 rule used at Oman, Kenya and the Red Sea. The settled rule would raise every Mauritius site by 0–3.7 pp. Awaiting Anderson's ruling. The Claude row is the manuscript's Claude (with image context) value, scored on the same manual-reference frames as the manual count (v42 Table 3); the last of its five context batches had been seen before, so it is not fully blind. Anemone Garden is flagged non-reef in the source (anemone habitat); its manual value stands but carries no error term.

Nearby external survey stations

30 independent survey records within 5 km of a site in this region (deduplicated across sites).

Show all 30 records

All images from Coral Reef Diagnostics. Data are from Coral Reef Diagnostics and Reef Check Foundation and NOAA Coral Reef Watch.

© Coral Reef Diagnostics.

References