Coral Reef Diagnostics

Mauritius

NOAA Coral Reef Watch

Regional summary of 7 dive sites. Figures are averages across the sites that report them (n = sites with a value); each site's own page has its individual values.

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05
Photo: Anderson Mayfield/Coral Reef Diagnostics — Mauritius - Carpenter
Country
Mauritius
Sites
7
each linked below
Hard coral cover (regional mean)
15% ± 6.0% (std. dev.)
n = 6 of 7 sites. range 7.0–26%; Mauritius - Anemone Garden (non-reef anemone habitat) not counted
Water temp. during surveys (regional mean)
27.9°C
n = 7 of 7 sites; surveyed Feb 2025
Coral Health Index (regional mean)
not yet scored
n = 0 of 7 sites
Most recent water temperature record
26 Oct 2026 · Southern Mauritius
Most recent heat stress record
26 Oct 2026 · No heat stress
Mean annual max degree heating weeks (DHW), last 5 years
2021–2025 · Southern Mauritius
Highest annual heat stress
in 2016 · Southern Mauritius
Severe heat-stress years
1985–2025 · 5 in the last 10 years
Heat-stress figures: NOAA Coral Reef Watch — Southern Mauritius 5-km virtual station. Each pill links its source record and carries the values behind it.
Regional summary

Mauritius's northern patch reefs and boulder fields and its southwest volcanic boulders and walls, dived in February 2025, are built mainly of massive Porites, with live coral patchy on boulder tops. No widespread bleaching was seen, and one lagoon site is carpeted in anemones rather than coral.

Heat stress

048121620Week of 2023-12-17: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.33°CWeek of 2023-12-24: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.12°CWeek of 2023-12-31: DHW 3.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.58°CWeek of 2024-01-07: DHW 5.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.60°CWeek of 2024-01-14: DHW 7.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.27°CWeek of 2024-01-21: DHW 9.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.07°CWeek of 2024-01-28: DHW 10.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.95°CWeek of 2024-02-04: DHW 11.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.83°CWeek of 2024-02-11: DHW 13.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.18°CWeek of 2024-02-18: DHW 13.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.74°CWeek of 2024-02-25: DHW 13.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.93°CWeek of 2024-03-03: DHW 14.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.80°CWeek of 2024-03-10: DHW 14.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.86°CWeek of 2024-03-17: DHW 13.9°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.35°CWeek of 2024-03-24: DHW 12.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.73°CWeek of 2024-03-31: DHW 10.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.99°CWeek of 2024-04-07: DHW 8.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.76°CWeek of 2024-04-14: DHW 7.7°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 28.46°CWeek of 2024-04-21: DHW 6.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 28.26°CWeek of 2024-04-28: DHW 5.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 28.52°CWeek of 2024-05-05: DHW 3.8°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.13°CWeek of 2024-05-12: DHW 2.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.30°CWeek of 2024-05-19: DHW 2.0°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.67°CWeek of 2024-05-26: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.71°CWeek of 2024-06-02: DHW 1.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.44°CWeek of 2024-06-09: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.05°CWeek of 2024-06-16: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.89°CWeek of 2024-06-23: DHW 1.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.56°CWeek of 2024-06-30: DHW 1.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.23°CWeek of 2024-07-07: DHW 0.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.15°CWeek of 2025-01-26: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.76°CWeek of 2025-02-02: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 29.04°CWeek of 2025-02-09: DHW 4.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.50°CWeek of 2025-02-16: DHW 6.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.57°CWeek of 2025-02-23: DHW 7.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 29.24°CWeek of 2025-03-02: DHW 9.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.24°CWeek of 2025-03-09: DHW 10.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.09°CWeek of 2025-03-16: DHW 12.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.27°CWeek of 2025-03-23: DHW 14.0°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.16°CWeek of 2025-03-30: DHW 15.4°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 29.05°CWeek of 2025-04-06: DHW 16.6°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.85°CWeek of 2025-04-13: DHW 17.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.58°CWeek of 2025-04-20: DHW 17.2°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.66°CWeek of 2025-04-27: DHW 17.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.61°CWeek of 2025-05-04: DHW 15.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.50°CWeek of 2025-05-11: DHW 13.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 28.05°CWeek of 2025-05-18: DHW 12.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 27.92°CWeek of 2025-05-25: DHW 10.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 27.20°CWeek of 2025-06-01: DHW 9.1°C-weeks (Alert Level 2+: severe bleaching and significant mortality likely); SST 26.81°CWeek of 2025-06-08: DHW 7.5°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 26.63°CWeek of 2025-06-15: DHW 5.8°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 26.04°CWeek of 2025-06-22: DHW 4.3°C-weeks (Alert Level 1: significant bleaching likely); SST 26.08°CWeek of 2025-06-29: DHW 2.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.38°CWeek of 2025-07-06: DHW 1.7°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.92°CWeek of 2025-07-13: DHW 1.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.92°CWeek of 2025-07-20: DHW 0.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.82°CWeek of 2025-07-27: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 24.53°CWeek of 2026-02-01: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.92°CWeek of 2026-02-08: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.48°CWeek of 2026-02-15: DHW 0.1°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.40°CWeek of 2026-02-22: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.65°CWeek of 2026-03-01: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.51°CWeek of 2026-03-08: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.20°CWeek of 2026-03-15: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.36°CWeek of 2026-03-22: DHW 1.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.48°CWeek of 2026-03-29: DHW 1.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.54°CWeek of 2026-04-05: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.89°CWeek of 2026-04-12: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.39°CWeek of 2026-04-19: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 28.07°CWeek of 2026-04-26: DHW 2.4°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.78°CWeek of 2026-05-03: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.53°CWeek of 2026-05-10: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 27.22°CWeek of 2026-05-17: DHW 2.3°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.77°CWeek of 2026-05-24: DHW 1.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.31°CWeek of 2026-05-31: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.15°CWeek of 2026-06-07: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.93°CWeek of 2026-06-14: DHW 0.9°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 26.02°CWeek of 2026-06-21: DHW 0.6°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.72°CWeek of 2026-06-28: DHW 0.5°C-weeks (below the bleaching alert threshold); SST 25.41°C24262830Bleaching threshold 28.7°C2023202420252026SST (°C)DHW (°C-weeks)
sea surface temperature (SST) (left axis)DHW under 2DHW 2–3DHW 3–5DHW 5–8DHW 8–10DHW over 10 (🔥 above 12)
Daily SST (line) and weekly maximum Degree Heating Weeks (bars), Jan 2023–Oct 2026, NOAA Coral Reef Watch 5-km Southern Mauritius virtual station. Dashed line: bleaching threshold (maximum monthly mean 27.7°C + 1°C). DHW ≥ 4: bleaching likely; ≥ 8: severe bleaching and mortality likely. A bar is drawn only where DHW exceeds zero, so a stretch with no bar is accumulated heat stress of zero, not missing data — the SST line runs the full period.

Long-term record: 9 years from 1985 through 2025 reached 8 or more °C-weeks at NOAA’s Southern Mauritius station. Download the annual DHW data (CSV).

7 sites in this region — click a marker to open that site.

Read this summary in:

Regional setting

Mauritius, Rodrigues, and Réunion, the three Mascarene Islands, sit toward the southern extremity of the submarine Mascarene Ridge. All three are geologically young volcanic islands, and Spalding et al. (2001) describe a clear sequence of reef development along the chain: reefs are least developed around Réunion, the youngest island, and become better developed and extend farther offshore toward the older islands to the east. Mauritius is almost completely encircled by fringing reefs, with substantial lagoon and barrier-reef development on its east and southwest coasts. Its lagoons are dominated by algae with some seagrass, its reef slopes show a clear spur-and-groove zone, and below about 20 m the coral usually forms only a thin veneer over volcanic rock. Spalding et al. (2001) put the country's reef area at about 870 km², a national figure that includes Rodrigues, the remote Cargados Carajos Bank, and Agalega, and list 161 recorded coral species. The same account notes that the 1998 bleaching event affected 30–40% of Mauritian corals but killed very few, a survival the authors relate to overcast, windy weather during Cyclone Anacelle, and that many reefs had already been degraded by sedimentation and agricultural runoff following forest clearance, domestic and industrial effluent, past blast fishing, anchor damage, crown-of-thorns outbreaks since the early 1980s, and tourism-driven coastal development. At a wider scale, the Western Indian Ocean holds about 15,180 km² of coral reef, almost 6% of the global total (Souter et al. 2021).

More recent assessments describe reefs under mounting pressure. Across the Western Indian Ocean, Souter et al. (2021) report that regional hard coral cover fell after the 1998 bleaching event, recovered from 2004 to a peak of about 32% in 2012, and dropped sharply again in 2013 and 2017, with the 1998 and 2016 bleaching events the clearest signals in the record; they place about 1,076 km² of reef in the Mascarene and Cargados Carajos subregion. Around Mauritius itself, Elliott et al. (2018) documented a decline in stony coral cover between 1998 and 2010 that steepened after about 2005, and McClanahan & Muthiga (2021) recorded a 40% loss of hard coral cover between 2004 and 2019, concentrated in the south and east, where acute thermal anomalies were most frequent. Sea-surface temperatures around the island have been rising by about 0.16°C per decade, above the regional bleaching threshold in most years since 2000 (Doorga et al. 2023 (publisher page)), and NOAA Coral Reef Watch recorded severe heat stress (8 or more degree heating weeks) in 2016, 2019–2020, and again in both 2024 and 2025. Local pressures add to this: the 2020 grounding of the bulk carrier Wakashio spilled oil along the southeast coast (Rajendran et al. 2022 (publisher page)), and island-wide surveys continue to report coral disease and compromised coral health (Jogee et al. 2025).

Overview

The Mauritius unit covers seven sites dived between 1 and 10 February 2025, at depths from 15.6 m (Ti Korail) to 35.3 m (Bamboo). Four northern sites (Reef Garden, Ti Korail, Carpenter, and Lost Anchor off Coin de Mire) are low-relief patch reefs and boulder fields cut by sand and rubble channels, although Carpenter also has steeper boulder faces. Aquarium / Big Rock, off Flic en Flac on the west coast, is built on huge volcanic boulders and rock spurs. Bamboo, dived the same day off Flic en Flac, combines a sand-veneered rubble base with sections of near-vertical wall.

Massive dome-shaped and boulder colonies are the most consistent framework builders. They are joined by brain corals, table corals, and branching colonies, including staghorn. At Carpenter one massive dome-shaped colony stands about a diver's height off the bottom. Live coral is patchy and concentrated on boulder tops and flanks, with turf, crustose coralline algae, and encrusting sponges holding most of the remaining rock. Manually scored hard coral cover at the six reef sites ranged from 7.0% at Ti Korail to 26% at Reef Garden, with Lost Anchor at 11%, Aquarium / Big Rock and Carpenter at 14% and 15%, and Bamboo at 17%. Reef Garden adds soft-coral clusters on its bommies, while Bamboo's open pavement carries dense clusters of Diadema-type urchins.

Anemone Garden is not typical reef. It is a lagoon patch whose bommies are carpeted almost wholesale by anemones consistent with Heteractis magnifica, with only 2.7% hard coral, and fleshy brown macroalgae over heavily silted rubble hold the flat around them. None of the seven sites showed widespread bleaching, but a few bleached colonies were photographed at six of them. Anderson's own point annotations label small branching colonies bleached at Ti Korail, Lost Anchor, Carpenter, and Aquarium / Big Rock, a table colony at Aquarium / Big Rock, a massive colony and several soft corals at Lost Anchor, and one colony with stark-white upper lobes at Reef Garden, where they also mark paling on one or two large-polyp colonies; at Anemone Garden two sea anemones were bleached. A crown-of-thorns starfish was photographed under a ledge at Carpenter. The nearest 2019 survey (WCS Kenya / University of Mauritius, via MERMAID) read 10% at Coin de Mire. That is 1 percentage point below the 11% at Lost Anchor and 5 below the 15% at Carpenter. Sightings included a resting sea turtle and a day octopus at Aquarium / Big Rock, an Eschmeyer's scorpionfish (Rhinopias eschmeyeri) at Ti Korail and Reef Garden, garden eels, and lionfish.

Highlights

Notable observations

Coral cover over time (pooled)

One point per year: the mean of every hard coral cover value available for this region that year — Anderson’s own dives and every independent survey station within 5 km of them. The vertical bar is the full range behind that mean. Different programs use different methods at different stations, so this is a regional summary, not a single comparable series. One value above 70% was excluded as a best-patch figure rather than a site mean. That exclusion removes the year 2016 from this curve altogether, because every value available for it was a best patch. These means leave out 8 values measured with MERMAID bleaching-protocol quadrats, a different method (WCS Kenya / University of Mauritius via MERMAID; WCS via MERMAID), 2 of them above 70%. Records listed only for Anemone Garden are also left out, because that pin is outside the regional mean. Years resting on fewer than three values are drawn as smaller points (1999, 2000). Non-CRD points are from Reef Check Foundation and Pisternick et al. (2020). Marker shape: Anderson’s own dives, other organizations’ surveys.
0%17%34%51%68%1999201220251999: mean 53% of 2 values (range 46–61%)2000: mean 30% of 1 value2018: mean 3.6% of 17 values (range 0.0–29%)2025: mean 15% of 6 values (range 7.0–26%)

Sites in this region

% coral cover by method

Mean of the six reef sites (Anemone Garden excluded, as in Table 3)

MethodMean % coral coverStd. dev. between dive sitesn dive sitesNote
Manual (reference)15%±6.06the reference
CoralNet13%±7.56mean |deviation| 3.6 pp (Table 3)
Coralscapes v116%±116mean |deviation| 5.2 pp (Table 3)
CoralSCOP19%±3.56mean |deviation| 5.9 pp (Table 3)
DINOv324%±116mean |deviation| 8.9 pp (Table 3)
Claude (context)13%±7.36mean |deviation| 2.2 pp (Table 3)

Unweighted mean ± standard deviation across the six reef sites, with Anemone Garden (non-reef, anemone-dominated habitat) excluded as in the paper. The computer-vision rows are Table 3's final row; Note = Table 3's mean absolute deviation from the manual reference.

By dive site

Dive siteManual (reference)CoralNetCoralscapes v1CoralSCOPDINOv3Claude (context)
Reef Garden26%
n=105
28%
n=105
38%
n=97
22%
n=105
45%
n=105
27%
n=105
Bamboo17%
n=40
12%
n=40
13%
n=39
17%
n=40
20%
n=40
14%
n=40
Carpenter15%
n=40
11%
n=40
13%
n=31
21%
n=40
21%
n=40
12%
n=40
Aquarium-Big Rock14%
n=40
7.0%
n=40
8.2%
n=31
13%
n=40
15%
n=40
8.3%
n=40
Lost Anchor11%
n=39
10%
n=39
12%
n=32
21%
n=39
20%
n=39
9.2%
n=39
Ti Korail7.0%
n=40
11%
n=40
13%
n=38
21%
n=40
22%
n=40
7.4%
n=40
Anemone Garden (not in the regional mean)2.7%
n=40
7.7%
n=40
17%
n=33
31%
n=40
33%
n=40
2.9%
n=40

n under each value is the number of photographs that method scored at that dive site. ⚠ marks a cell that is not an independent check.

Reference: point-count on the photographs (a human scoring the same pixels the models see). Denominator: coral points / all 30 points, with water and fish points left in the denominator. Source: Mayfield et al. 2026 Platax, Table 3 (manuscript in preparation) ⚠ This region's values use all 30 points as the denominator (water and fish points included), not the Mayfield (2025) convention used at Oman, Kenya, and the Red Sea. That convention would raise every Mauritius site by 0–3.7 pp. The Claude row is the manuscript's Claude (with image context) value, scored on the same frames as the manual count; one of its five sets of context images had been seen before, so it is not fully blind. Anemone Garden is anemone habitat rather than coral reef; its manual value stands but carries no error term. Codex was excluded, as in Table 3 of the paper (far fewer images were scored that way); Coralscapes is scored on the 301 fully human-labeled frames (Table 3 note).

Nearby external survey stations

32 independent survey records within 5 km of a site in this region (each record counted once; 31 lines, and a line that pools several records says how many).

Show all 32 records

All images from Coral Reef Diagnostics. Data are from Coral Reef Diagnostics, Reef Check Foundation, NOAA Coral Reef Watch, WCS Kenya, University of Mauritius, and Pisternick et al. (2020).

© Coral Reef Diagnostics.

References