Indonesia - Halmahera: Kusu Ridge

General benthic features

The deep ridge is dim, current-worked pavement crusted in coralline algae with orange, red, violet, and black encrusting sponges, gray sea fans standing off the rock, and laminar plate corals (Pachyseris-type) scattered across rubble — these are the low-cover frames, and the blue water above them carried the schooling fish the field note describes: massed yellowtail fusiliers, snapper, and clouds of anthias (e.g., Image 2, Image 14, Image 17, Image 21, Image 24, Image 28, Image 37, Image 38).

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A sand-floored section holds isolated bommies, one crowned by a large table Acropora on a narrow pedestal with cardinalfish and glassfish packed beneath it. The mid-slope is the site's real signature: near-continuous foliose plating meadows running frame to frame in brown, olive, pale green-gray, and a striking violet-purple, consistent with Montipora, Echinopora, and Pachyseris, shingled over one another so tightly that little substrate is visible (e.g., Image 1, Image 9, Image 10, Image 13, Image 20, Image 22, Image 25, Image 27, Image 35, Image 40, Image 42, Image 44, Image 47, Image 49, Image 50, Image 53).

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The shallows hand over to mixed Acropora — pink and mauve staghorn thickets, bright yellow-green branching stands, blue-gray corymbose colonies, Seriatopora, and Pocillopora — interleaved with the same foliose plates and worked over by chromis and damselfish (e.g., Image 3, Image 4, Image 5, Image 7, Image 8, Image 11, Image 15, Image 16, Image 26, Image 29, Image 30, Image 32, Image 36, Image 39, Image 41, Image 43, Image 45, Image 46, Image 54).

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Coral cover

• Reference: Claude CV point count (this site's photos)
• Coral cover: 45% — a blind Claude computer-vision point count of 249 of Anderson's unedited photographs (20 points per photo; water, fish, and obstructions excluded). Other computer-vision methods are listed in the method table.

Stressors

One large plating colony, roughly 1.5 m across, is chalky whitish-gray against dark brown neighbors on the deep ridge and may be bleached or recently dead; most plates around it are normally pigmented (e.g., Image 34).

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A few plate sections elsewhere on the slope are bare white skeleton (e.g., Image 37). The cause is not resolvable from the photographs, and no crown-of-thorns were seen in the 249 frames examined.

Comparisons with other data

We found no other surveys at this site as of 2026. If you would like to share yours, please email us.

Dive record

A deep ridge dive on 12 August 2026 run to 33.6 m at 25–26°C and finished shallow, and Anderson's field note tracks that profile exactly: "epic dive with tons of snapper and other reef fish at depth, finishing in amazing coral meadows in shallows."